Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson Essay Example

Administration Style of Sir Richard Branson Essay IT IS VERY COMMON to hear that legislature would run better on the off chance that it were progressively efficient. I imagine that is right. In any case, I will reverse the situation on that recommendation. I accept that business would profit by taking in some administration exercises from a shockingly talented legislative executiveRonald Reagan. Those of us who had the favorable luck of working for President Reagan saw firsthand the viable administration style of a strangely fruitful CEO. Here are 10 exercises that I gained from watching him in real life. Exercise 1: Set Clear and Attainable Objectives, but Goals that Seem Difficult to Achieve. In mid 1981, President Reagan put his focus on a more beneficial economy with lower expansion and lower joblessness. The pessimists shook their heads. They just idea as far as an exchange off between more employments and a more slow ascent in costs. The pessimists were end up being incorrectly. Under his initiative, the United States accomplished both significant objectivesbut not without any problem. Beside the significant cuts in charges, the changes made in financial approach in 1981 and 1982 were at first excruciating. They particularly incorporated a wide assortment of spending cuts just as a tight financial arrangement. All things considered, those activities prompted the longest peacetime development in American history. At the same time, the heightening twofold digit swelling that the Reagan organization confronted when we came to Washington has been entrusted to the history books. Exercise 2: Choose Subordinates Who Share Your Views and Outlook. Contradictions on subtleties are unavoidable among solid disapproved of individuals. All things considered, the group that Ronald Reagan united was joined in our devotion to bring down duties, much more slow development in regular citizen spending, a more grounded military foundation, and a less oppressive administrative framework. We will compose a custom exposition test on Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Progress in every one of these regions was generous during his eight years in office. Exercise 3: Give Your People Lots of Leeway and Operating Authority. For instance, those of us who set up the spending cuts had full watchfulness in gathering an aspiring combination of spending decreases. Thusly, President Reagan plunked down with us and looked into each huge spending change before settling on a ultimate conclusions. He was definitely not an elastic stamp. He didn't attempt to micromanage the dynamic inside every one of our offices, however he considered us responsible for the outcomes. He engaged us to practice a great deal of caution. For instance, one of my first assignments was to play out a review of the American economy. No one in the White House attempted to re-think me. President Reagan made my review report open at a White House press preparation that we directed together. My report made it understood: the American economy was experiencing a mix of illnesseshigh swelling and low development just as high tax collection, rising government spending, and exorbitant guideline. The president left the public interview early, and I immediately discovered that the inquiries would not be constrained to the declared subject. After he left, I was inquired as to why the president said he was unable to discover his checkbook. I addressed that, by and by, I designated that assignment to my significant other. That is still evident. In the midst of the giggling that followed, I began to address another inquiry. Incidentally, I later discovered that President Reagan might not have composed a ton of checks, however he utilized old fashioned Treasury money. He sent out a significant number $10 and $20 greenbacks because of some terrible letters he got. Everything considered, Ronald Reagan was a prepared official even before accepting the administration. He had been the effective legislative leader of our biggest state for a long time. Before that, he filled in as leader of the Screen Actors Guild. (He wanted to call attention to that he was the main leader of the United States who had been leader of a trade guild. ) In the two limits, he drove the association during times of extraordinary outer weights while adequately managing troublesome characters inside the association. Exercise 4: Strongly Back Your People, Especially When They Are Attacked for Trying to Carry Out Your Policies. Sick give you an extremely close to home model. In open introduction portraying the spending issues confronting the United States, I had the nerve to recommend that yearly Social Security advantage expands (the supposed average cost for basic items modifications, or COLAs) were not part of a protection program. They were truly government assistance benefits paid by another person, for this situation the working populace. Some individual from the Congres s was so irate with me that he asked my prosecution. I was loose. The chances were that, if the issue could possibly do arrive at the president, he would simply have a decent snicker. Obviously, the danger of my arraignment immediately dissipated. Exercise 5: Use Humor to Good Effect. Indeed, Ronald Reagan wanted to recount to clever stories. One of his preferred ones concerned the kid who was burrowing through an excrement heap. His clarification for that weird activity was that there must be a horse in it some place. Be that as it may, as a rule the presidents reason for telling an entertaining story was intense. He was in every case too well mannered to even think about telling some exhausting individual to quiet down. Or maybe, he wanted to hinder by recounting to a story. At the point when he completed, the conversation would rapidly move to another subject. On different events, when the inward discussion was at risk for getting excessively grating, he would break the pressure by recounting to another amusing story. He had a profound stock of diversion, quite a bit of which drew upon his genuine Irish brogue just as a fine Italian inflection. In this manner, it was a genuine treat just to have an easygoing feast with him. Exercise 6: Communicate Clearly Both Within the Organization and to the Larger Public. Ronald Reagan really was the Great Communicator, yet the outcomes didn't come easily. Let me attempt to give you a thought of how the procedure functioned. His location to the country toward the beginning of February 1981 would have been the event for his freely spreading out what became Reaganomics. The way toward composing this significant discourse uncovered much about the man. He amassed a gathering of his key counselors and speech specialists in his living quarters on the highest floor of the White House. (He frequently said that he lived over the store. ) The primary meeting was committed to building up the significant topics of that first large monetary discourse. We as a whole gotten an opportunity to get our paddle in. At the point when the president was happy with the outcomes, he deferred the gathering with the understanding that the speech specialists would stir up a work in progress of our regular contemplations. The remainder of the gathering cleaned the speech specialists first draft. The overhauled draft discourse at that point was sent to the president. He revised it in his own language on a yellow cushion. That is the reason his discourses were so persuading. After his manually written draft was composed, the entire gathering reassembled. The president held the ace duplicate and he drove us through it section by passage to get our remarks. On a few events, I revealed to him that a segment was not exact. He never took advantage. All things considered, it was his discourse. He generally reacted a similar way, OK, how would I make the point precisely? That is a case of how Ronald Reagan roused dependability. The procedure additionally demonstrated that his profound individual association recorded as a hard copy the significant messages was fundamental to the fruitful correspondence of the substance. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] At an a lot later point in his organization, the officials attempted to dispose of the provocative line from his noteworthy discourse in Berlin, Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this divider. Joyfully, the speechwriterthe president himselfprevailed. Incidentally, in correlation I absolutely was not an extraordinary communicator. Obviously, my activity expected me to make numerous monetary introductions, both in the White House and to a wide exhibit of congressional advisory groups and private associations. On one event, an unknown partner coursed a spoof of my standard financial preparation to the Cabinet. I dont think I truly seemed like that. In any case, here it is so you can decide for yourselves: Economic information show a facilitating of the rate at which business is dialing down. This can be taken as plentiful evidence that theres an easing back up of the log jam. Presently, to explain that, it ought to be noticed that an easing back up of the lull isn't on a par with an upswing of the downturn. Then again, its significantly superior to either a speedup of the lull or an extending of the downturn. Additionally, it proposes that the atmosphere is about ideal for a modification of the rearrangement to loan fees. Presently, going explicitly to loan fees, we locate a clear reduction in the pace of increment. This unmistakably appears there ought to be an easing up of the setback. Obviously, if the stoppage should accelerate, the abatement in the pace of increment would transform into an expansion in the pace of diminishing. Lastly, the swelling of the downturn would transform the downturn into a downturn, while a flattening in the pace of expansion would give the impression of a downturn of the downturn. Exercise 7: Let Your Staff Do the Worrying; Thats What They Get Paid for. Ronald Reagan paid attention to the administration very. He may have left the Oval Office at 5 p. m. , yet he went through hours at night perusing our reports and notices. I discovered that immediately when he considered one night to talk about a reminder that I sent him after 5 p. m. All the more every now and again, he would remark on things that a few of us had sent him the earlier day as he went into the Cabinet room toward the beginning of the day. Maybe generally significant, in the wake of settling on a choice, President Reagan didn't ste

Amercian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Amercian History - Essay Example Furthermore, obviously, as there are with any broad political development, there were financial reasons why the Revolutionary vanguard proclaimed autonomy. Enactment passed by the British Empire made it progressively hard to work separated from the state itself. Taken together, these components involved what Americans presently portrayed as â€Å"tyranny†, as it is stated in the Declaration of Independence, put to the pen of Thomas Jefferson in 1776. Any record of the American Revolution will definitely say there was nobody genuine reason, or reason, for the Declaration; rather, an expansive exhibit of social, financial, ideological, and philosophical reasons can be portrayed as contributing elements to what prompted the making of the United States. In the years paving the way to the American Revolution, conclusions against Great Britain appeared to focus on ideological and philosophical moves from wants to stay joined with the mother state. In any case, in the decades prior to the Declaration, shifts appeared to happen on the political and even financial level. The Seven Years War depleted the money related stores of the British Empire, and the Navigation Acts, intended to lighten this weight, caused disdain among the American Colonies. Extra political and monetary weights on the settlements by the monetarily discouraged Empire, for example, the Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, and Revenue Act between the years 1764 and 1766, prompted a crack in political interests. Stories like that of Ebenezer Macintosh, and his fights against the British Parliament’s section of the Stamp Act, delineates for antiquarians and understudies of history the same what heading American affections for British were going in, even 10 years be fore the American Revolution formally started. Today, American students of history think back similarly as 1763 to see the most punctual instances of solid Parliamentary obstruction in the

Review of Test Essay Samples

Review of Test Essay SamplesCalifornia Teas reviews your various choices in terms of the types of test essay samples available for use in schools. While many use this material, others choose to not use them. The reason they use them is because of their various advantages. If you are in need of a unique way to help you write a test, then you will find the California Tea review useful.There are a number of options available for you to use, and you will find that there are some differences between the products. In addition, you may find that there are some similarities. The state that provides the test will provide you with various choices for the number of essays that you need to complete. If you decide that you want the samples, you will be able to select from the ones that you prefer.The number of choices available is one of the most important parts of this review. As you can see, you have a number of different types that you will need to use. This is an advantage for you because you can get help in the writing process and have more choices.Many people will feel intimidated by the prospect of writing a test. However, you can write a good test if you have some sort of guide. This California Tea review is a great way to get started. In addition, you can also continue to use it as a part of your testing success.You will also find that this review provides you with a list of the types of tests that you may find throughout the school year. You will also find that some of the types will be made available to you at no cost. This is great because you will have the option to complete the tests without having to spend money. This is the beauty of using these test sample choices.The free sample choice that you receive will allow you to write a test to help you with your writing skills. You will also find that this test provides you with great tips on how to improve your ability to write a test. You will find the reviews easy to read and interpret.This review provides you with the items that you will need to work with. You will find that the topics for these tests are going to vary depending on the state and school that you are taking them for. You can select from a number of different choices when you use the products available.The test sample choices that you select will allow you to use for yourself or for your students. You will find that the reviews to help you to select the best choices. As a result, you will be able to write a test and to take one. You will find that this review is a great tool in your testing success.

A Brief Note On Plagiarism And Academic Theft - 1363 Words

Citing is mainly used to avoid plagiarism, but a writer should always cite sources in an essay and in presentations because they need to ‘acknowledge the use of other people’s work’. (McMillan, 2010: 192) Citing a source is important as it helps a reader to ‘understand how [an] argument was assembled and what influenced [the writers] thinking’ (McMillan, 2010: 192) which helps a reader to form an opinion on the work. (McMillan, 2010: 192) Citing demonstrates the writer’s knowledge of relevant sources and their capability to be selective in the materials chosen; then incorporate this with the knowledge and information already obtained from lectures and seminars, expanding on ideas and improving the argument. (Barrass, 2005: 132) Plus it helps the reader to assess the extent of the writer’s wider reading, which can also help when giving feedback and advice. (McMillan, 2010: 192) Plagiarism is academic theft, it is extremely important to avoid plagiarism not only for academic purposes but also for legal reasons. It is when someone uses someone else’s ideas and written work within their own written work and without citing them, therefore claiming them as their own ideas. Kirton (2007) states that ‘providing evidence is an important dimension of academic writing’, so when quotations and citations are not used a writer is ‘plagiarizing someone else’s intellectual property’. (Kirton, 2007: 155) Plagiarism does not necessarily mean stealing word for word what someone else has said,Show MoreRelatedMarketing Assignment710 Words   |  3 PagesMODULE NAME: Fundamentals of Marketing COMMENCEMENT DATE: 3 MAY 2016 (Group 1) 4 MAY 2016 (Group 2) SUBMISSION DATE: 14 JUNE 2016 (Group 1) 15 JUNE 2016 (Group 2) Notes to students: 1. This is a group assignment. You should have no more than five (5) members in your group. You are to hand in only ONE copy of the assignment. The length of the assignment should be between 2,000-3000 words. 2. All assignmentsRead MoreHigh Noon at Alpha Mill Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectives including PLO 3.2 Assessment Item 2: Personal Skill Development Project (Individual): 50% Written assignment in 3 parts worth 50%; Part A due in week 5; Part B due in week 9 and Part C due in week 13. See assignment details following. Note carefully that this is a demanding assessment requiring a good project management approach, so you should plan to get started almost immediately. Evaluation criteria will be discussed in class. 4000 words (appendices of feedback/basic data/personalRead MoreFundamentals of Project Management3669 Words   |  15 Pagesstructuring your arguments in a logical fashion. Consult as many sources as possible, from your textbooks/study material as well as further resources – remember to reference your material correctly (please refer to the section on Referencing and Plagiarism for some guidelines). ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Use examples and explanations to justify your arguments. One sentence should contain one idea; more than one idea in a sentence will make your answer cumbersome. One paragraph should contain one main idea supported byRead MoreEssay about Strategic Quality And Systems Management1833 Words   |  8 Pagesa strategic quality change in an organisation 5.1 5.2 Evaluate the outcomes of a strategic quality change in an organisation 5 Recommend areas for improvement to a strategic quality change that align with organisational objectives Assignment brief – Pass only Unit number and title Unit11 : Strategic Quality and Systems Management Qualification Pearson BTEC Level 7 Extended Diploma in Strategic Management and Leadership Assessor Charles Barfi Assignment 1 (Report) Assignment 2 (Group work)Read MoreEvaluation Of A Research On The Fundamentals Of Good Research2113 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Paper At some point during their college careers, most students will have to face the challenge of learning how to do good research. As those who have done research before know, it is no easy task. But the amount of research note taking process should not intimidate students. Even those who research well do so only after many attempts and by practice. Many students come to college unprepared to know how to research simply because, they have not had the opportunity to do so correctly duringRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing A Good Research Paper2084 Words   |  9 Pagescategorization is quite helpful. Research can be divided into three categories: background information, supporting information and opposing information. The background information should be brief and to the point. It is basically a summary that either a) explains why the topic that you chose is significant or b)provides a brief history of your chosen topic. Either option provides the reader with a context in which to situat e your topic. Supporting information helps to drive your argument forward. It is basicallyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesï » ¿Plagiarism Bibliography Buckwalter, J. A., Wright, T., Mogoanta, L. and Alman, B. (2012), Plagiarism: An assault on the integrity of scientific research. J. Orthop. Res., 30:  1867 1868. Granitz, N. and Loewy, D. (2007). Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), 293-306. Luke, B. and Kearins, K. (2012), Attribution of words versus attribution of responsibilities: Academic plagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50):Read MoreStrategic Essay3725 Words   |  15 PagesConflict resolution 25/02/2013 (Autumn 2013)  © University of Technology, Sydney Page 2 of 10 Program Week/Session 1 Dates 28 Feb Description Subject introduction and overview of the strategic management process Readings: Text Ch 1 Please note there are no tutorials in Week 1 2 7 Mar Strategic purpose and the role of corporate governance Readings: Text Ch 4 3 14 Mar Analysing the external environment Reading: Text Ch 2 4 21 Mar Evaluating an organisation s strategicRead More Plagiarism Essay2916 Words   |  12 PagesPlagiarism When we have an idea or insight, rarely is it the first time it has ever occurred to an individual. Furthermore, what we learn through formal education, dialogue, and reading (for those who pay attention) becomes an integral part of our thought--we assimilate the ideas of others. Thus, what we may think and say is not necessarily of our own origin, but rather it is a conglomeration of the ideas of others in conjunction with our own native thoughts and understanding--such is human natureRead MoreBusiness Strategy Syllabus3013 Words   |  13 PagesI actually discuss issues with others as opposed to simply posting my viewpoint. â€Å"C† range: I participate for the most part, generally making a few posts per discussion. My responses are relatively brief and tend to reiterate what someone else has said. I don’t raise too many issues. I write brief statements. I post one response as soon as possible and do not return and read others’ comments to continue a dialogue. â€Å"D† range: I post infrequently, adding little value to the discussions, and frequently

Porters Diamond Model - 3545 Words

University Of Greenwich BA(hons) in business studies Module name : international business management module Teacher : Ian Norman student Name : Mokbul Hossain Student Id : 000762547 Question: As a management consultant advising a country of your choice, explain how u can use Porter s Diamond model to evaluate and improve the nation s competitive position. Introduction Business world is getting complicated day by day .Companies want to do business like participating in the competition for profit or market share. We are now at globalisation era where a local company is to compete with international company (Daniels et al, 2007). Challenge for marketing strategy is to find a method of earn a†¦show more content†¦He also stated that general factors, mainly unskilled labour and raw materials are easy to acquire and cannot lead to sustainable competitive advantage. Specialized factors are difficult to replicate but require significant amount of investment. Certain disadvantage in factors of production compels innovation which often leads to national comparative advantage. Hence Porter (1998) distinguished the basic and advanced factors. 2. Demand Conditions – This refers to the nature of local demand of an industry’s products and services. Both aspects of demand, quality and quantity are to be considered on an equal note. This is particularly true in cases where local demand of a product is higher than that in foreign markets. In such cases companies devote more effort and investment to that particular product to gain a competitive advantage which often leads to firms commencing export of that product. This also refers to increasing buyer pressure on requirement for high quality and service in industries. This pressure on industries compels them to enhance standard to the level that allows them to compete on an international scale. This is related to a sophisticated domestic market as it leads to firms producing superior quality products which also enable local firms to remain competitive in the global market. 3. Related and SupportingShow MoreRelatedThe Diamond Model by Michael Porter1117 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Porter developed Porter’s Diamond, also known as The Diamond Model, in 1990 in his book ‘The Competitive Advantage of Nations’. The four determinants of Porter’s diamond must operate as a system rather than individually. It provides the answers to ‘Why does nation achieve international success in a particular industry?’ (Porter, 1998:71). Despite the universal application of Porter’s diamond framework, many critics argued that the model is flawed. This essay aims to discuss the differentRead MoreInternational Business Strategies : Porter s Diamond Model1391 Words   |  6 Pagesinternationalise, in any given sector, big or small. This essay will discuss Porter’s diamond model and its four main determinates, as well as illustrating them with two case companies, which include one of the UK’s largest retailers, Marks and Spencer, as well as the USA’s, Walmart. The main objective is to discuss the model to determine if it is of any use in terms of explaining home and host location strategies. Porter quotes â€Å"A nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovateRead MoreInternational Business Systems And Porter s Diamond Model1258 Words   |  6 PagesPorter’s Diamond Model provides companies with four reliant factors that fully depend on the state of each other to achieve success within a competitive environment. However, Curran (2001) claims that Porter’s Diamond Model does not fully explain a country’s competitive advantage since only two factors provide evidence of their competitive position. The used factors are company rivalry, strategy, and factor endowments. With reference to the competitive positions of countries within major economiesRead MorePorter s Diamond Model : Case Study1405 Words   |  6 PagesPorter’s D iamond Model: The industry has grown very rapidly in the last decade due to intense competition and was exposed to immense technological advancement possibilities as well. Considering the growth rate and current market state; the telecommunications of Bangladesh has the following implication of Porter’s diamond model, which is further explained below in details: Factor Endowment: 1) Human Resources- Bangladesh is famous for providing cheap labor which comes due to highRead MoreIn Certain Cases Porters Diamond of Competitive Advantage May Not Be an Appropriate Framework for the Analysis of a Nations Sources of Competitive Advantage.1621 Words   |  7 Pagestool of the book is the diamond of competitive advantage (figure 1). This model is based on four country specific determinants and two external variables. Porters four determinants and two outside forces interact in a diamond of competitive advantage, with the nature of a countrys international competitiveness depending upon the type and quality of these interactions. However, because it is fundamentally a home-based model of international competitiveness, the diamond theory is criticized byRead MoreDiscuss in Detail the Application of Professor Michael Potters Diamond Model in the Kenyan Vision 2030: Advantages and Implications1124 Words   |  5 PagesBibliography Alan M. Rugman and Alain Verbeke1993, [35(4)] How to Operationalize Porter’s Diamond of International Competitiveness; Thunderbird International Business Review (ISSN 1096-4762) Wiley United States Charles W.L. Hill 2008, International Business; McGraw Hill United States ISBN 0073381349 John D. Daniels, Lee H. Radebaugh and Daniel P. Sullivan 2006, International Business: Environments and Operations; Prentice Hall United States ISBN 0131869426 Michael E. Porter1990, Competitive AdvantagesRead MorePorters Diamond1657 Words   |  7 PagesPorter’s Diamond is a useful concept in explaining home and host location strategies of international business? Illustrate your answer with references to at least two case companies† The main aim of International business is to build and sustain competitiveness for economic value creation in both domestic and overseas markets (Besanko et al. 2007). Internalisation business theory however has a variety of models that can identify the environmental analysis of specific countries. These models are usedRead MoreThe Concept Of National Competitiveness1492 Words   |  6 Pagesgame. Harvard’s Michael Porter approaches the subject from a different view, asserting that defining competitiveness as gaining a trade surplus is not appropriate. ( Kitson, Martin, Tyler, 2004). Porter argues that expanding exports through a weaker currency and low wages while importing sophisticated goods that the nation cannot produce competitively may create a trade surplus but will lower the standard of living in the nation( Kitson, Martin, Tyler, 2004). Porter breaks competitiveness downRead MoreEssay about Michael Porter’s Theory1568 Words   |  7 Pagesof Porter†™s theory are its comprehensiveness, the dynamic Diamond theoretical system and analysis form both inductive and deductive sides. Meanwhile, it is at a disadvantage in its assumption. Thus, this essay will explore both sides of Porter’s theory. Porters model includes four key elements. The Diamond model is depicted as figure 1, where the four forces jointly constitute a firms global competitiveness in a given industry ( Porter,1990) Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry Demand conditions Read MorePorters Theory of National Competitive Advantage1717 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they inherit to create advantage for themselves on international markets. What Porter contends is that there are advanced factor endowments that nations can cultivate in order to give them competitive advantages in international trade. These advanced factor endowments are firm strategy, structure and rivalry; factor conditions; demand conditions; and related and supporting industries (QuickMBA, 2010). Porter contends that nations cans specifically cultivate skilled labor, a strong technology

Apush Dbq Technology, Government Policy, and Economic...

Briana Walker 2nd period DBQ In the period 1865-1900, technology, government policy, and economic conditions all changed American agriculture a great deal. New farming machinery had a large role in the late 19th century, giving farmers the opportunity to produce a lot more crops than they used to. The railroads had an enormous influence on agriculture. They were able to charge the farmers large fees, expenses that farmers barely had enough to cover, in order to transport their goods throughout the expansive country. The booming industry also changed American agriculture, creating monopolies and gaining incredible wealth with which the farmers simply could not compete. Economically, the monetary policy along with the steadily†¦show more content†¦As Document I shows Native Americans were being cheated out of their land, actually most of their land was being sold. In 1887, the Dawes Severalty Act was passed by congress. The Dawes act divided small plots for each family. But the farmers got their fill as w ell. On the reservation there were another 90 million acres which were fertile and was often sold to white settlers. As Native American lands went down White settlers land increased. As shown in Document B. Land trades and began to pop up all around the country. Technology greatly transformed American agriculture from just plain farming to commercial farming. The mechanization of farming made farming easier and more profitable. As shown in Document D technology was helping farmers, making farming more easier and they were able to do many jobs quicker. But, Farmers couldn’t afford to send crops to other places At the beginning of the 1840s the railroad began to transform American agriculture, by the 1860’s all states east of the Mississippi had rail service. As shown in Document B there were multiple railroads all around the country. The farmers were ecstatic about this new technology because they could send their crops to other areas, when before they didn’t have the money to be able to do so. Other new technologies were arriving such as the mechanical reaper and the steel plow. In conclusion during the years 1865 and 1900 technology, economic and government policies changed american agriculture

Good vs. Evil Rock and Hip Hop free essay sample

The government says the song is prejudicial to the safety of the Tate. George Michaels single l Want Your Sex is removed from the play lists of radio stations in Pittsburgh, New Orleans, Cincinnati, Minneapolis, Denver, and New York, because of its explicit sexual content; the BBC also bans It In Britain. Later that year, heavy metal icon Oozy Osborne Is unsuccessfully sued by the parents off 19- year-old boy who claimed their son committed suicide after listening to Soberness song Suicide Solution.In one of the most famous cases of music censorship, police in Dade County, Florida set up a sting to arrest three retailers selling copies of a cord by 2 Live Crew to children under the age of 18, in 1990. Objections to 2 Live Crew started with the break-thru of their hit Me So Horny. Similar prosecutions regarding 2 Live Crew record sales happen In Alabama and Tennessee. No prosecutions result In standing convictions. Members of 2 Live Crew were also prosecuted for performing the material live In concert. Soon after, the members of NNW received letter from the F.B. I stating that the agency did not approve of the lyrics to their song Buck the Police. (www. Classiness. Com) However we as viewers of the media must keep in mind that there are always two sides to a story. On speaking of monopolizing the Hip Hop Generation, writer Jesse Alexandra Cottrell of wiretap states: To anyone who watches MET all day where P. Oddly, Jag Rule and Newly dominate the screen flashing fancy cars, gold chains and an entourage of scantily clad women political empowerment and hip-hop may seem like conflicting terms.But hip-hop has been political in nature since its birth in the youth subculture of the Bronx during the late asses. Unfortunately what started out as a gritty portrayal of what was really happening on the streets has been perverted in less than two decades into a seemingly endless supply of high-paid corporate clowns aping about little more than the fact that theyre rich. Today, mainstream hip-hop Is worse than apolitical It has become a tool to oppress and distract an inure generation of youth, especially youth of color. Monopolizing the Hip Hop Generation, by Jesse Alexandra Cottrell, Wiretap) However, how can we as viewers speak of the affects a culture has on our society and children, when we look to media practitioners to provide us with what is going on in our generation, whether it being the Hip Hop or Rock culture, the media has always either being negative or positive. In the book Popular Music and Society author Brian Longhorns discusses the media coverage surrounding the suicide of Kurt Cabin incorporated themes of authenticity and mass culture.Explaining the rapid sale of Cabins group Nirvanas music and other related goods. As a result then turning him into an icon, when he clearly was a victim of drugs and alcohol with lyrics that were often viewed as having a negative approach on his young audience (Longhorns 110). As a result of the information that that was provided earlier in the essay as to negative lyrics and such things within both the Hip Hop and Rock music culture, and its stron g effects on society. This paper intends to display the bias opinion of media, through recordings and television, when it comes to music of Hip Hop and Rock.Within it we will work to look at the negativity that surrounds both cultures and the approach the media takes. Throughout the last few years we have witnessed random acts of violence due to the content of rap and rock lyrics, however, Hip Hop music often receives more negative media coverage than that of rock. This paper will illustrate that although both Hip Hop and Rock culture contain harmful and discriminating lyrics and have a negative approach on our society. Music of Hip Hop s typically scrutinized because it is considered rebellious where as Rock music is considered mainstream and American music.According to Curtis Blow, Hip Hop pioneer, book Curtis Blow Presents: The History of Rap, Volvo. L, he stated: In the early asses a musical genre was born in the crime- ridden neighborhoods of the South Bronx. Gifted teenagers with plenty of imagination but little cash began to forge a new style from spare parts. Hip-hop, as it was then known, was a product of pure streetwise ingenuity; extracting rhythms and melodies from existing records and mixing them up with searing poetry chronicling fi fe in the hood, hip-hop spilled out of the ghetto. From the housing projects hip-hop poured onto the streets and subways, taking root in Bronx clubs like the Savoy Manor Ballroom, Ecstasy Garage, Club 371, The Disco Fever, and the T-Connection. From there it spread downtown to the Renaissance Ballroom, Hotel Diplomat, the Rosy, and The Fun House. It migrated to Los Angles, where a whole West Coast hip-hop scene developed, sporting its own musical idiosyncrasies, its own wild style. Through television shows like B. E. Its Rap City and You! MET Raps and a succession of Hollywood ivies, hip-hop gained millions of new fans across America, in places far removed from the genres Bronx roots.It spread to Europe, Asia, Africa, and nearly every continent on Earth, gaining more cultural significance as the years rolled by. Today it is one of the most potent and successful musical forms of the 20th Century (Blow 23). Incarnate encyclopedia then goes on to say: During the mid-asses, rap moved from the fringes to the mainstream of the American music industry as white musicians began to embrace the new style. In 1986 rap reached the top ten on the Billboard pop charts with (You Goat) Fight for Your Right (To Party! ) by the Beastie Boys and Walk This Way by Run-DIM and Aerostatic.Known for incorporating rock music into its raps, Run-DIM became one of the first rap groups to be featured regularly on MET (Music Television). Also during the mid-asses, the first female rap group of consequence, Salt-N-Peep, released the singles The Show Stoops (1985) and Push It (1987); Push It reached the top 20 politicized, resulting in the most overt social agenda in popular music since the urban folk movement of the asses. The groups Public Enemy and Boogie Down Productions epitomized this political style of rap.Public En emy came to prominence with their second album, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back (1988), and the theme song Fight the Power from the motion picture Do the Right Thing (1989), by African American filmmaker Spike Lee. Proclaiming the importance of rap in black American culture, Public Enemys lead rapper, Chuck D, referred to it as the black CNN (Cable News Network). Alongside the rise of political rap came the introduction of gangs rap, which attempts to depict an outlaw lifestyle of sex, drugs, and gang violence in inner city America. In 1988 the Southern California rap group Inning withAttitude (N. W. A) released Straight Auto Compton, the first major album of gangs rap. Songs from the album generated an extraordinary amount of controversy for their violent images and inspired protests from a number of organizations, including the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation). However, attempts to censor gangs rap only served to publicize the music and make it more attractive to both black and white youths. N. W. A became a platform for launching the solo careers of some of the most influential rappers and rap producers in the gangs style, including Dry.Deer, Ice Cube, and Easy-E. In the asses rap became increasingly eclectic, demonstrating a seemingly limitless capacity to draw samples from any and all musical forms. A number of rap artists have borrowed from Jazz, using samples as well as live music. Some of the most influential Jazz-rap recordings include Samizdat (1993), an album by Boston rapper Guru, and Cantaloupe (Flip Fantasia) (1993), a single by the British group ISIS. In the United Kingdom, Jazz-rap evolved into a genre known as trip-hop, the most prominent artists and groups being Tricky and Massive Attack.As rap became increasingly part of the American mainstream in the asses, political rap came less prominent while gangs rap, as epitomized by the Get Boys, Snoop Doggy Dog, Biggie Smalls (The Notorious B. I. G. ), Tuba Shaker, and Puff Daddy (P. Daddy) grew in popularity. In the late asses some reappearances as Master P in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Puff Daddy in New York Cityscape entrepreneurs as well, starting highly successful record labels as well as myriad spin-off companies. Popular rappers as the 21st century began included Jay-Z, Jag Rule, Eve, Mine, Outcast, and Mystical (Rap, Microsoft Incarnate Online Encyclopedia 2005) Many musicologists live that Chuck Berry invented rock and roll in 1955 and many say that Berry was a black man Just playing black music. However, times had changed. According to Pier Scarify, a poet, historian and freethinker, he states: White kids were listening to rhythm and blues throughout the Northeast, and white musicians were playing rhythm and blues side to side with country music.The music industry soon understood that there was a white market for black music and social prejudice, racial barriers, could nothing against the forces of capitalism. Rock and roll was an overnight success. The music industry promoted white idols such as Elvis Presley, but the real heroes were the likes of Chuck Berry, who better symbolize the synergy between the performer and the audience. The black rockers, and a few white rockers, epitomized th e youths rebellious mood, their need for a soundtrack to their dreams of ant conformism. Their impact was long lasting, but their careers were short lived. Angers, such as Presley, who often performed songs composed by obscure black musicians, inherited rock and roll. White rockers became gentler and gentler, thereby drowning rock and rolls very reason to exist. Buddy Holly was the foremost white rocker of the late Fifties, while cross-pollination with country music led to the vocal harmonies of the Overly Brothers and to the instrumental rock of Dunn Eddy. The deaths of the Doors Jim Morrison, of Janis Joplin, of Jim Hendrix and countless others, sort of cooled down the booming phenomenon.After the excesses of the mid Sixties, a more peaceful way to rock Bob Dylan and others had already proposed nirvana when they rediscovered country music. And country-rock became one of the fads of the Seventies, yielding successful bands such as the Eagles. Reggae came a mainstream genre thanks to Bob Marble. Funk became even more absurd and experimental with George Silicons bands. Hard rock begat heavy metal, that soon became a genre of its own (Blue Oyster Cult, Kiss, Aerostatic, AC/DC, Rush, Journey, Van Helen). The Seventies were mostly a quiet age, devoid of the neurasthenic of the Sixties.At the turn of the decade, the main musical phenomenon was the emergence of a new generation of singer songwriters that were the direct consequence of the previous generations intellectual ambitions. Leonard Cohen, Tim Buckley, Nice, Lou Reed, Todd Rendered, Join Mitchell, Neil Young, Tom Waits, and the most famous of all, Bruce Springiness, established a musical persona that unites the classical composer and the folksinger. (History of Rock Music, Scarify) The violence in much of rap music was said to be an outgrowth of two different cultures, one on the West Coast and the other on the East Coast. In the east the birth of gangs rap was attributed to gang violence between African American, Afro- Caribbean and Latin gangs in New York. Rather than engage in self-destructive violence, rappers began to fight their battles through rap music (Mikhail, 1998). Still others, such as rapper Curtis Blow, argue that East coast rap was mild and that more violent gangs rap rose up directly from the urban ghettos of the west coast: Well, at first rap was fun. It was something that we did as a means of expression in the early days of rap. And then it Just progressed.Each time a rapper would come out, he felt he would have to outdo the next one. Any they started getting harder and harder. The lyrics became more street oriented. And it was slandering you know, you had the West Coast come into the picture, and thats when the lyrics really became ally hard and a lot of profanity and they were Just kicking lyrics from the ghetto and from a ghetto mentality, and thats where gangs rap started. (Blow, 1997) However, we cannot begin to understand gangs rap or violence in Hip Hop music until we take a look at a few lyrics.In the 1994 critically acclaimed album Ready To Die, late rapper Notorious B. I. G speaks about robbing individuals, slapping children and thoughts of killing himself. One of the many lyrics that stand out of course is that of his record Game The Loot, in which he plays the role of two robbers plotting to attack several people. With lyrics such as; Then Im dipping up the block and Im robbing bitched too up the herring bones and bamboos I wouldnt give buck if youre pregnant what many would see as a lure to the youth telling them that stealing and robbing individuals is okay to do.However, what many fail to see is that violence in predominantly black urban areas is something that was present before Hip Hop music was born. Another example of degradation and violence in Hip Hop music is that of the controversial West Coast group of N. W. A, better known as Insignias With Attitude. With lyrics from there controversial 1992 hit, Buck That Police many politicians, police officers and citizens were outraged at the fact that individuals were denouncing police departments and officers, especially the corrupt LAPPED force. Lyrics such as: But take off the gun so you can see whats up And well go at it punk, and Im buck you up!Make you think Im kick your ass but drop your gate, and Rents goanna blast Im sneaky as buck when it comes to crime But Im smoke me now and not next time Smoke any motherhoods that sweats me or any gasohol, that threatens me Im a sniper with a hell off scope Taking out a cop or two, they cant cope with me (N. W. A, 1993) Although many didnt realize that they were Just young men speaking of the violence going on throughout their communities, which were initiated by the people that were supposed to be protecting them, police officers.Various politicians interpreted as gang violence and rappers encouraging violence. What we need to realize is about Hip Hop music is that while it has been accused of celebrating gang violence, it is also accurate reportage (Gibbs, 2000). Another issue that has haunted Hip Hop music nice its inception is the defamation of women frequently evident in Hip Hop lyrics. With artists from the late Tuba Shaker and Notorious B. I. G to that of Snoop Dog and Too Short, misogynous Hip Hop lyrics typically have spoken of the conquest of women, who are often called Whos and Bitched or often referred to as animals or objects.An example of this is would be Atlanta based group DEL, where in there lyrics they tell women to Shake your Leafy Daffy and refer to them as candy and other edible objects. Where we have Just taken a look at how Hip Hop lyrics contain violence and adult intent that have not been suitable to youth and have stirred up controversy. There have been many instances in Rock Music that their artist lyrics have been considered somewhat satanic and have had a negative influence on society. While examining Hip Hop lyrics many believed and saw the music of Hip Hop to contain violence, misogynous lyrics and profanity.Many critics believe that Rock music contains references to Satan and the occult.. According to the book Controversies of the Music Industry, it gave some examples of band names and album titles that had satanic references, such as: 0 The Conjuring by Megalith Highway to Hell by AC/DC 0 Anti-Christ Superstar by Marilyn Manson 0 Sabbath, Bloody Sabbath by Black Sabbath With Black Metal pioneers, a submerge of Rock music, such as Black Sabbath, Oozy Osborne, Led Zeppelin and Marilyn Manson, many have come to fear it because many feel as though it too closely resembles neo-Nazism hatred of organized religions.However, one cannot say this without examples of offensive lyrics and what many believe to be the results of them. One of which took place on December 23rd, 1985, Raymond Bellman and his friend, James Vance, shot them selves in a suicide act. Bellman died immediately from the gunshot wounds, but his friend survived. Vance was left horribly disfigured and died three years later from his injuries. Both had been listening to the Judas Priest album Stained Class bef ore the incident (Vance v.Judas Priest). Wake the dead, the saints are in Hell Wake the dead, theyve come for the bell Dudes Priest, 2001) Another example an act that many believe was committed due to the content of Rock music is that of John Daniel McCollum. On October 26th, 1984, nineteen-year-old McCollum shot himself in the right temple with a . 2 caliber handgun while lying in his bed listening Speak of the Devil from Oozy Soberness album, Diary off Madman (McCollum et al. V. CBS, Inc. , and John Oozy Osborne, 1988).With lyrics such as: Screaming at the window Watch me die another day Hopeless situation endless price I have to pay Sanity now its beyond me theres no choice (Diary off Madman, 1981) Many felt that there was probable cause to charge Osborne and CBS Records, claiming the music caused the youths suicide. However, the court noted that the parents did not provide an evidence to show such an effect. It can not be said that there was a close injection between Johns Death and defendants composition, performance, production and distribution years earlier of recorded artistic musical expressions.Likewise, no moral blame for that tragedy may be laid at defendants door (McCollum et al. V. CBS, Inc. , and John Oozy Osborne, 1988, p. 1005) With looking at lyrics from two different genres that have both prompted acts of violence, contained profanity and denigrate women, we must realize that we only understand and react to what the media shows us. So often the media has portrayed these two genres that are alike in many ways in two very different lights.Of course, we have taken a look at different lyrics from both Rock and Hip Hop music; however, we must be reminded that there is very much a big line of separation between these unique genres. For as little time that Hip Hop music has existed it has stirred up many controversy from that of being attacked by The National Political Congress of Black Women to rappers such as 50 Cent being banned in countries like Canada for the controversial lyrics an talks of violence.However, to many it seems as though Rock music, which is, Just as violent and has made reference to Satan and suicide, as not been as targeted by the media as Hip Hop music has. According to the book Controversies of the Music Industry: It is not uncommon for rap music to sound as if it condones gang welfare, violence directed at police, use of drugs and treatment of women as objects rather than being human beings. It must be noted, however, that anti-social themes such as anger toward police, use of drugs, and treatment of women as sex objects is not unique to rap music.The rock bands Rage Against the Machine and their fans have consistently channels known for rock and pop rather than rap, frequently portrays women as sex objects (Controversies of the Music Industry 159) Also, with the previous examples of suicide and deaths that many believed were as a result to Rock music lyrics, these artists have still gone on to sell millions of records and toured the world, when Hip Hop artists, are being condemned for speaking of the violence and issues within our society. Thus showing that Rock music will always be looked at as American music, where as Hip Hop music is the catalyst in which the media and recording companies make there money, by which portraying Hip Hop music in a negative light. The media and record companies, want there audience to buy the tales of Hip Hop music of bitched, blunts, beat downs and AK-sass. Once this credibility is established, then white owned companies can market young black men, women and Hip Hop culture in the rebel light, to the voyeuristic suburban white teens that keep the entertainment industry buoyant.Rappers resent tidbit the dollars keep flowing (Morris, 2000). In conclusion, it is fair to say that both Rock and Hip Hop music have had strong influences on our culture and society that they have lyrics that demote women and notation violence, and have been portrayed negatively in society. Hip Hop music has been targeted more as a genre within the media. Although Rock music has been looked at as satanic and cul t like, it is still put on a pedestal and considered mainstream American music. Throughout the last three decades Hip Hop music has played as a major voice for the youth of our inner city communities, but the violence that Hip Hop artist have tried to illustrate to the masses and make us aware of what is going on in the ghettos; has now been looked at as a marketing ploy, therefore retorting in a negative light than that of a positive one. Upon the deaths on both Tuba Shaker and The Notorious B. I. G, the media instead of trying to shed a positive light on these two phenomenal individuals, instead focused it as being East Coast vs..West Coast, and blaming these two rappers deaths on the content of the music. On the other hand, the parents of the young teens who killed themselves while listening to demonic and what many consider cult-like music, by Rock artists, which spoke of suicide as a way out of life or problems when there was nothing else, in a way that made it okay. Thus making it seem as though these teenagers killed themselves because of their own mental issues and no blame can go to the lyrics of Rock music.

Hurt People Hurt People-Wilson Review free essay sample

Summary Dr Wilson book Hurt people hurt people; premise is as simple as the book’s title. She shows how the process of hurting others is a cycle in that; â€Å"All of us have been hurt by people who all were hurt by other hurt people. In turn we-as hurt people-all have hurt other people to one degree or another† (Wilson, 2001). She also states that individuals learn child-like solutions to such issues as â€Å"trust, identity, and attachment† where become rooted in an individual because of binding shame (Wilson. 2001) . Sadly many children have to learn to act in a defensive or dysfunctional way to survive the abuse at the hand of their family.Parents that tend to abuse where abused themselves and never got the needed emotional healing. Even though these survival techniques a child use to live through the abuse as a child serve a purpose it is when these same techniques carry over into an adults life that cause problems and negative behaviors, Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Hurt People Hurt People-Wilson Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wilson’s model is summarized â€Å"making and consistently practicing new choices produce changes† (Wilson, 2001). She also see the need for God’s Holy Spirit in the healing process but that we as God’s creation have an individual choice and responsibility in the process of change. Wilson’s theory of change is cognitive behavioral as stated above in how ones choices are what produces change. She shares how one needs to first have a clear understanding of their brokenness that has caused the poor coping skills, and then recognizing the issues that need to be dealt with. It is from this new perspective in their thinking and behaviors that they can then begin to make new choices that will have a positive impact on present and future relationships. Wilson sees a balance in perspective when it comes to gaining insights and to the need to initiate and maintain their new behaviors in life.This is done in that one remembers the â€Å"difference between self-focus and self-awareness† (Wilson, 2001). She also brings up a good point that â€Å"We won’t know we can change what we don’t know we have chosen† (Wilson, 2001). Wilson also recognizes that individuals can develop a distorted view of God due to a poor relationship with their pare nts. Interesting is that a person can also put their unresolved hurt and pain onto God who wants and loves them deeply. Many abused and neglected children have a hard time understanding God’s love.They have been conditioned to think that being beaten, yelled at, or ignored is how God the Father will then treat them. Wilson provides counselors and hurting individuals a framework in understanding and helping their client’s heal from their emotional scars. It is easy to relate to Dr. Wilson because she is also sharing her own personal pain and hurt that God has helped her to heal. It is also vital to look at Wilson’s view on the practice of forgiveness and how if an individual decides to ignore it, it can place a road block in their process of change. She believes that God speaks about forgiveness for the following reasons:† (1) we are all sinners with whom to relate so we’ll need to become skillful forgivers (2) God makes forgiveness a centerpiece of our healing process because living in un-forgiveness is so much worse (Wilson, 2001). Evaluation of the Strengths and Weaknesses One of the strength of Wilson’s model to healing is that is simple to follow. She provides a model to help individuals address their unhealthy behaviors while looking at the trauma they have experience in their lives.In comparing her model to that of Hawkin’s concentric circles she appears to be dealing the temporal systems (Hawkins’s , 2010). Even though she is addressing the healing of an individual‘s soul she believes that in order to heal one needs to look at the effects of issues address in the temporal systems. As the individual begins to work on the deep wounds in their heart and soul and begin to work towards psychological and spiritual health then it will lead towards having a healthier outlook and functioning in the different areas of the temporal systems.Dr Wilson has also developed an effective multitasking approach in counseling to help client’s develop a positive self concept. Her model pulls together different perspectives within psychology, theology and spiritual perspective. Both Wilson and McMinn agree in that there is a need to develop a â€Å"healthy sense of self† (McMinn, 1996). As an individual begins to work through their painful memories and their child-like view of others, God and themselves their sense of self, sense of need and healing relationships are then strengthened. (McMinn, 1996) Honestly as I read Wilson’s book I had a hard time to find any weaknesses in her approach.She writes in a way that one can not only feel her heart but learn ways to begin their own spiritual and emotional healing. She makes you feel her heart, understanding, and genuine empathy. Some may feel though that her model is only going to be effective when working with Christians. I am not sure if I believe this to be true. I believe that she still gives one a working framework in working toward emotional healing. Personal Reflection and Application After reading Dr Wilson book I was able to see areas that I still need to experience emotional and spiritual healing.My current living situation is not the best environment to live in. I am carrying some emotional wounds from what has been said and done while I have lived her. Dr Wilson has helped me see the need in working on these feelings and emotions. Many times I become trapped in my negative messages that I tend me see that some of the same wounds as a child have reopened and how I need to begin to replay which Backus and Chapian addresses in their book. (Backus Chapian, 2000) Many abuse children learn to begin to believe the negative statements from their parents. One hurting thing that my father said to me was about my breast.God has never blessed me with big breast and one day my father said to me, â€Å"Why don’t you do to the gas station and ask them to fill them up†. This has caused me to be self conscious of my body. I am overly sensitive to how men in particular look at my breast. I have had to work on other positive features of my body to compensate how my breasts look. One other point that I feel is important is Wilson’s statement : â€Å"If we refuse to conduct an honest investigation of the problem-laden harvest of our lives, none of us will face fears, release the tears, or spend the years necessary to get at the root issue† (Wilson, 2001). This statement is making me want to step back and conduct an honest and painful investigation on some of the issues I may have thought I have dealt with and ask the Holy Spirit to help me begin the process of letting go. The question I have also asked myself is if one that has been sexually, physically and emotionally abused ever receive a total healing. I have never allowed myself to get close to people and when I do and feel threatened I find ways of pushing them away. I have even done this in my personal relationship with Christ.

Gender Communication Styles

Gender Communication Styles Free Online Research Papers When we are talking about gender communications is there a difference between both men and women? According to the text men use an instrumental style of communication. Instrumental style of communication for men is to focus on identifying goals and finding a solution. Women communicate in an expressive style. The expressive style involves emotions and having a perspective that is sensitive to how others feel (Ashford, LeCroy, Lortie, 2006). Dr Deborah Tannen wrote the book You just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. Although gender differences do exist between men the difference is more sexual stereotyping (Ashford, et al.). Because of the differences in communication women are more than likely able to discuss intimate topics and confide in their personal lives than men do. Men seldom maintain an intimate conversation and are less likely to discuss their personal lives in the way that women do (Ashford, et al.). Difference in Communication When men communicate they communicate to report facts and in short phases with little or no details. Women, on the other hand, will communicate to build lots of rapport and a lot of details. First and foremost men want the â€Å"bottom line† followed up with more details since they have met their bottom line. This is the opposite for women as they will need to build up to the bottom line, as their enjoyment comes from telling a story (Burress, 2008). The enjoyment of women telling the story leading up to the bottom line often becomes frustrating for men, which often lead into disagreements. In order for both men and women to communicate effectively, it is necessary to change the approach by women changing their bottom line first and men giving the women more details to fulfill the women’s needs (Burress, 2008). The communication gap between men and women goes far beyond the obvious. On average women use 25,500 words a day while men will only use 12,500 in a day. On average women will maintain eye contact while speaking for twelve seconds while men will only maintain eye contact for three seconds. If men were to change eye contact and words that women need to hear then one will find that there is less disagreements and hurt feelings will be minimal (Burress, 2008). There are studies that indicate that women, more than men, are sensitive to interpersonal meanings that lie â€Å"between the lines† in the messages they exchange with their mates. The societal expectations of women make them more responsible for regulating intimacy or how close they allow others to come (Torppa, 2002). Men on the other hand, than women, are more sensitive to â€Å"between the lines meanings† about their status. The societal expectations for men are that they must negotiate hierarchy, or who’s the captain or who’s the crew. These differences between interpersonal vs. status implications of messages will typically lead women to expect their relationship to be based on interdependence (mutual dependence) and cooperation (Torppa, 2002). Women will emphasize similarities between themselves and others, and make decisions that make everyone happy. Men, on the other hand, will more frequently emphasize themselves and others, but often make decisions based on their personal needs and desires (Torppa, 2002). How are these differences seen in marriages between men and women? In ways that both men and women communicate! Women are more relationship specialist while men tend to be task specialist. Women are typically the â€Å"rapport talk† which refers to the types of communication that build, maintain, and strengthen relationships. Men are typically the experts in task accomplishment and addressing questions about facts. Rapport talk reflects the skills of being competitive, lacking sentimentally, analyzing, and focusing on task accomplishments (Torppa, 2002). Conflicts in Relationships People have conflicts in everyday life and a relationship with frequent conflicts will be a healthier one than one with no observable conflict. Conflicts happen at work, among friends, within families and between relationship partners. When a conflict happens within a relationship this can either weaken it or strengthen it (Bellafiore, 2007). Thus a conflict is a critical event in the course of a relationship. Conflicts can cause resentment, hostility, and even the ending of a relationship. If they are handled well then the conflict can be productive and lead one into a deeper understanding, mutual respect, and closeness. If the relationship is healthy or unhealthy this is dependent on how the conflicts are resolved between relationships (Bellafiore, 2007). Sometimes people may shy away form a conflict, and their reason for this is numerous. People may feel that their underlying anger may go out of control if they start a conflict. Because of this people may see conflicts as an all-or-nothing situation. It will either end up where they avoid it all together or end up in a combative mode (Bellafiore, 2007). Another reason a person will find it difficult to face conflicts because they may feel inadequate in general or in a particular relationship. Some will have difficulty in positively asserting their views and feelings. For children who are surrounded by destructive conflict, when they become adults, they may never participate in a discord (Bellafiore, 2007). People will adopt a number of ways to facing conflict. For one, it is very common to see a person avoid or deny the existence of a conflict. Usually in this case the conflict will linger in the background during interaction between the participants and creates a potential for further tension or conflict (Bellafiore, 2007). Another response style to conflict is that of one person getting mad and blaming the other person. This can occur when a person mistakenly equates conflict with their anger. If anger is used then all this will do is to increase the degree of friction between the two participants, and this will do nothing to resolve the conflict (Bellafiore, 2007). A third way some people resolve conflict is by using power and influence to win at the other’s expense. They welcome the conflict because it allows their competitive impulses to emerge, but what they fail to understand that the conflict is not resolved and this will cause the â€Å"loser’ to harbor resentment (Bellafiore, 2007). Some people appear to compromise in resolving the conflict, but they subtly manipulate the other person, which in turn, perpetuates the conflict between both parties and will also compromise their trust between them (Bellafiore, 2007). There are better ways to handle interpersonal conflict. In conclusion, no matter what communication style there is both men and women will communicate in different ways. Men will take the approach of instrumental communication style where they want the answer right away and establish their hierarchy. Women, on the other hand, will be more of an expressive style of communication as they will be able to confide to others and are more sensitive to issues than men and they will be able to build, maintain, and strengthen their relationship. There are also different ways in which people try to avoid conflict. They will deny the existence of a conflict, or get mad and blame the other for the conflict. Then there are other people who will influence and use their power to win a conflict. The only way for relationships to endure a conflict is to keep it rational, without yelling, or both parties come to a compromise to end the conflict. References Ashford, J. B, LeCroy, G. W., Lortie, K. L. (2006). Human behavior in the social: A multidimensional perspective (3rd, e.d.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Bellafiore, D. (2007). DBR Alternatives, Inc. Interpersonal conflict and effective communication. Retrieved February 9, 2008, from drbalternatives.com/articles/cc2.html Burress, L. (2008). Suite101.com. Bridging the communications gap: Communication differences between men and women. Retrieved February 9, 2008, from http://marital-communication.suite101.com/article.cfm/communication_amongst_the_sexes Torppa, C. B., Ph.D., (2002). Family life packet 2002. Gender issues: Communication differences in interpersonal relationships. Retrieved February 9, 2008, from http://ohioline.osu.edu/flm02/FS04.html Research Papers on Gender Communication StylesThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementResearch Process Part OnePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThree Concepts of PsychodynamicRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Digital Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Digital Marketing - Essay Example In the past Clarks has overcome challenges such as volatile market conditions, lack of financial flexibility as well as questionable planning and today, through extensive employment of digital marketing, Clarks is one of the largest private companies in the united kingdom and with massive global presence (Jones, 2012 p, 192-193). According to Tran (2012), Clarks’ products have a good reputation for high quality and are available in the latest fashions. The products have a good reputation for high quality and are available in the latest fashions. In the changing footwear industry, Clarks always comes with refreshing brands. The launch of online business has been a success for the company in building its international brand. Clarks has three main distinctive products that include the Desert Boot, Wallabee and desert Trek. The main feature for Clarks shoes is that they have unique comfort. Clarks designs and manufactures shoes that are uniquely styled, comfortable and of premium quality. Its concept of comfort in footwear dates back to 1960 when the company designed the Moccasin-inspired Wallabee. It was the most comfortable shoe in the world. Today, the Wallabees and the iconic desert Boots still sell at the company stores. Today, Clarks shoes that classified into different categories. They include Clarks walking shoes, Clarks’ casual shoes as well as Clarks business casual shoes. There are many other unstructured collections of shoes for men, women, boys and girls. The company’s product line includes boots, slippers, sandals, casual and sport shoes as well as bags (Jones, 2012 p, 192-193). Digital marketing strategy had been a drive towards the realization of massive digital presence for the company. It all begun in 2010 after the appointment of the current CEO, Melissa Potter, who drove the re-organization of the company’s business operations. Most importantly he launched online business for the company, and it has made Clarks a

Obligations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Obligations - Essay Example The specific performance of the task by the offerree is the objective indicating that the offerree has agreed to the terms of offer and acceptance. Therefore, it flows that there are three aspects to it, firstly, there is a valid offer flowing from the offeror to the offerree, secondly, the offeree accepts the offer by promise or conduct and thirdly, the object of consideration is fulfilled by the offerree. Therefore it could be logically analysed that the offer is an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms and the intention of the offerree, upon specific performance, becomes binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is intended. (Offer). In the above case, Aishah fulfilled the terms of the offer made by her father, Hasan, by attending all her seminars and also by graduating with a first class degree. By conduct she has accepted and fulfilled all the terms of the agreement. Thus her father is bound to pay her  £1000 and also give her a car as promised to her through a valid offer. This could be enforced by Aishah on her father, Hasan. There are several rules which govern offer and acceptance. In the first place, the communication of acceptance has to be communicated to the offeror by the offeree, or by any other person. Again, in case of non-acceptance, the fact should also be communicated to the offeror. In the leading case, Felthouse v.Bindley (1862) 142 ER 1037, it was held that silence was not tantamount to acceptance. The details of this case were that an uncle wrote to his nephew expressing his intentions to buy one of his horses. He wrote if he did not hear from the nephew, he would consider the horse as his (uncle) own. The nephew did not reply. The uncle though he had established ownership over the horse by implicit acceptance. However, later, the horse was sold through auction. The uncle sued the auctioneers, on the grounds that

Objectives And Responsibilities Of The Hilton Hotels Group Tourism Essay

Objectives And Responsibilities Of The Hilton Hotels Group Tourism Essay Chapter 1 Hilton Hotels in groups UK is known as one of the leading hotel group in the world. The Hilton Hotels group was found with its very first hotel established by Mr. Conrad in 1919 in Cisco, Texas. But, today the Hilton Hotels group has expanded geographically, produced original hotel and travel concepts, and developed modern technologies to enhance the experiences of the valuable guests. Today, it consists of more than 3600 hotels all over the world also with nearly 500,000 luxurious rooms in 81 countries with the continuously growing crew of over 135,000 members internationally (Hilton Hotels, 2011). Depending on that, it is clear and it was proven that the Hilton Hotels group has the capability of satisfying the interest of their customers as well as their stake holders. The Hilton Hotels consists of well reputed and highest quality popular brands with in their group such as, Hilton Conrad hotels and resorts, double tree by Hilton, Hampton inn by Hilton, Hilton garden inn, Hilton Grand vacations and home woods suites by Hilton and Waldorf Astoria collection. The whole Hilton Hotels group is running adherence to the Mr. Conrad Hiltons philosophy, the vision of the hotel Hilton Hotels group is To fill the earth with the light and warmth of hospitality (Hilton Hotels, 2011). Accordingly, the Hilton Hotels group believes it is their insight to convey the message of kindness and generosity all over the world, simply known as hospitability. According to the core values of the Hilton Hotels group, their brand name HILTON stands for, H HOSPITALITY   We are passionate about delivering exceptional guest experiences. I INTEGRITY   We do the right thing, all the time. L LEADERSHIP   We are leaders in our industry and in our communities. T TEAMWORK   We are team players in everything we do. O OWNERSHIP   We are the owners of our actions and decisions. N NOW   We operate with a sense of urgency and discipline (Hilton Hotels, 2011). At present, Hilton worldwide can be considered as one of the leading global hospitality company, crossing over the accommodation sector from luxurious full-service hotels and resorts to extended-stay suites and mid-priced hotels. The Hilton Hotels group is operated as an innovative and dynamic company which is mainly focused on administrating their business operations following the eco-friendly concepts and also with the services to the global community and enhancing the guest experience. Since the foundation formed by Mr. Conrad Hilton 90 years ago, Hiltons commitment to creating exceptional guest experiences still remains unaltered, and our more than 130,000 team members continue to bring the highest quality of service to the global visitors also achieving the interests of the stake holders with the mission of We will be the preeminent global hospitality company the first choice of guests, team members and owners alike (Hilton Hotels, 2011). 1.2 Groups of stakeholder and achieving their objectives Stakeholder can be considered as a person or people who have a stake also known as share in a particular organization or system. Stakeholders can be groups of people, organisations, institutions and sometimes even individuals. Sometimes the terms either actors or interest groups are used to describe the term stake holders. Accordingly, the word actor emphasizes that stakeholders are active in order to make interactions with each other. The use of the words interest group suggests that people can be grouped to achieve common goal. In some occasions, stake holder can be identified as a corporate  stakeholder, a party that may have the potential to affect or be affected by the actions of the business as a whole. This concept was first used in a 1963 internal memorandum at the Stanford Research institute. It defined stakeholders as those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist (Grimble and Wellard, 1997). The theory was presently developed by  R. Edward Freeman  in the 1980s. Since then it has gained wide acceptance in business practice and in theorizing relating to  strategic management,  corporate governance,  business purpose  and  CSR together. Stakeholders can be found at any level or position in society, from the international to the national, regional, household or intra-household level. It is clear that, stakeholders may include all the people who affect and may get affected by the policies, decisions or actions within a particular system or an organization. Referring to the Hilton Hotels group, the stake holders can be identified at three major levels depending on their institutional levels. Local National Global or International Locally, the Hilton Hotel group is a business which is based on the ancient cultural environments as well as the aesthetic beauty in the country encouraging their customers as well as their stakeholders to incorporate those things to their beings. Therefore, it is clear that Hilton Hotel is being achieved the objectives of their local stakeholders objectives at a satisfactory level. Nationally, the Hilton hotels group is known as a business which is mainly focussed on the development of tourism in UK. By providing the lodging facilities by enhancing the customer experiences on travelling through their branded partners such as Hilton Conrad hotels and resorts, double tree by Hilton, Hampton inn by Hilton they have achieved their objective of development of tourism commercially in order to achieve their national stake holders objectives. Statistically it is proven that, the Hilton Hotels group consists of more than three hundred hotels all over the world also with nearly 500,000 luxurious rooms in 80 countries with the crew of over 135,000 members internationally (Hilton Hotels, 2011) and the group is still expanding all over the world. Therefore, the contribution of the international investors may lie at a higher level referring to that statistics. Because of that, it can be concluded that the Hilton Hotel group is being achieving their International Stake holders objectives. 1.3 The key responsibilities of the hotel group and the strategies The key responsibilities that should be possessed by the Hilton Hotel group can be divided in to three major dimensions. The Customer Dimension The Employee Dimension Internal process and financial dimensions The Customer Dimension consists of increment of the market shares, guest satisfaction, improve the customers profitability, increased the awareness of brand name and the increment of the MICE conversion rate. At present, Hilton Hotels group is incorporated with several partners all over the world such as double tree by Hilton, Hampton inn by Hilton. Therefore, the Hilton Hotel has got the potential to establish as the market leader. At past few decades, Hilton Hotels market revenue index increased from 104% to 106% and customer retention has increased Customer retention increased 6% to 56% (Balanced Scorecard Collaborative Hall of Fame Case Study on Hilton Hotels Corporation, 2003). The employee dimension may include, adherence to recruitment procedures, conducting training and development programs completion of the performance appraisals, control of the staff turnover and control the payroll as % of turnover. Proper management of human resources with the incorporation of employees are may be the strategy behind the achievement of these targets. Reservations efficiency, improved check-in efficiency, time and motion cleaning of rooms, food beverage cost efficiency, and control property maintenance may be the responsibilities that can be taken under the internal process dimensions. Increment of average room rate and revenue per available room, increment of non-room revenue, proper management of variable cost and reduction of fixed cost can be considered under financial dimension of responsibilities. At past few decades, RevPAR of Hilton Hotels has been increased by 2.7% (Balanced Scorecard Collaborative Hall of Fame Case Study on Hilton Hotels Corporation, 2003). Chapter 2 Economic, Social and Global Environment 2.1 Planned and mixed economic systems and impacts Planned economy is an  economic system  in which the  government  directs the whole  economy of a country.  This economic system is driven by the central government and it may control and makes critical decisions regarding the production and supply of goods and services. The planners may decide what should be done regarding the production process and hoe to direct lower-level enterprises to produce those goods in collaboration with national and social objectives. Under the planned economy, state sector may involve in the environmental protection, maintenance of the standards of the employments and maintenance of competition and also the economic planning. Beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, many governments of different countries, commanding over planned economies began deregulating. For an example, after fragmentation of the Soviet Union the economy is being moving towards the market-based economies by allowing the private sector to make the pricing for goods and services, production, and distribution decisions. Although most economies today are  market economies  or  mixed economies. Examples for the countries for the existence of planned economies are as  Cuba,  Libya,  North Korea,  Saudi Arabia, and  Myanmar ( Brabant and Jozef , 1991). Considering the impacts of the planned economy on Hilton Hotels group, there may be a regulation of the production and services according to the decision which are made from the government. Accordingly, there may be economic barriers for the foreign investors and stake holders to invest their properties in relation to the hotel industry. This may negatively affect on the Hilton Hotels group also. In contrast the mixed economy reflecting the features of both socialism and capitalism. In some occasions, it is also known as balanced economy. It is described as market economies with strong lapses, in addition to containing various government sponsored aspects. It is believed the term mixed economy should include the degree of private economic freedom mixed with a degree of government regulation process of markets. Countries may differ in relation to the relative weakness of each component. For an example, economies which are ranging from US to Cuba have been identified as mixed economies. The economic freedom may include individual freedom, economic efficiency and also the incentives to innovation provided by competition. When considering the Hilton Hotels group, individual competition may be very important between the partners to improve their capabilities in marketing. For an example, if there is a competition between Hilton Conrad hotels and resorts and Hampton inn Hilton, the separate partners may tend to improve their marketing capabilities in order to increase their market shares. This may be beneficial for the Hilton Hotels as the mother company. On the other hand, some times the whole marketing process can be negatively affected by the individual competition. Referring the government side of the mixed economy, it may consists of several processes such as environmental protection, maintenance of the standards of the employments and maintenance of competition and also the centralized economic planning some situations. Those are the things that the private sector may not capable to address. Referring to the Hilton Hotels group, due to the environment protection policies implemented by the government, the marketing process can be affected. For an example, if the government is implementing an environmental policy restricting the private access to the places with an aesthetic beauty such as beaches and forests, if the hotel group rely on that places whole marketing process can be negatively affected. In contrast, the establishment of the centralized economic planning may generate positive results in the relation of Hilton Hotels, at marketing process. 2.2 Social welfare policy and industrial policy measures in the UK The United Kingdom can be considered as a unitary state in which central government considerably lead the most of the state activities. But, when considering the structure of some regions such as Scotland, Wales it differs in certain degrees. Each region occupies a secretary of state and administrative department located in central government, and its own congress and executive, which participate in the region of certain central state ministries. Accordingly, the laws which apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland may differ from those in England and Wales. This framework has been subjected to the frequent changes. The most critical changes in recent years have been the renovation of the department of social security into the department of work and pensions, the significant transfer of income maintenance to the HMRC and the flattening of the department of transport, the regions and local government, whose key social policy responsibilities were positioned in the office of the deputy prime minister and have now been resettled mainly into communities and local government. There are some main government departments which are dealing with social policy in the UK are, the ministry of justice, the department for education, the department of health and the Department for Communities and Local Government. Referring to the administration of the welfare, UK has undergone two major phases of modifications. The first phase was applied in for 1960s and 1970s, saw central government transformed in order to allow the planning and control of public expenditure by the treasury. The objectives of these changes were to improve the managerial efficiency and economic planning. The effect was the generation of a system in which the treasury allocated resources to departments, and departments to services. The second phase was taken place in has led in 1980s and 1990s to modify the structure of the civil service and the administration of welfare. It consists of three major elements viz., the change of administration  into agencies, the introduction of management and the formation of quasi markets. Due to that implementation of social welfare policies, the hotel field can be affected in several ways. Formation of new laws regarding to the economy and welfare, management there were some barriers against the growing of the company. That may negatively affect on the Hilton Hotels group. Referring to the industrial policies in UK, multi- sector industrial policy is critical. Current mainstream economic thinking believes that industrial policy is ineffective, and that market forces should determine the fortunes of companies and industries. In the credit crisis, however, the UK state and most other governments felt obliged to step in. They established a  de facto  industrial policy strongly favouring the financial sector, at the expense of the rest of the economy. Consequently, the part of the economy that did not fail, was left playing by the old free-market rules, heavily penalised by austerity measures implemented to reduce the budget deficit. For the UK, there are a number of problems with the theory and practice of this approach. First, SMEs which provide majority of UK private sector employment are starved of credit despite Government entreaties for banks to lend more. This may be acts as a negative impact on the growth of the hotel industry, with no end in sight. Similar way, the private capital concentration in the shadow-banking sector remains surprisingly high, and may lead to volatility and crises in the non-banking sector. Finally, some of the UKs competitors, such as China and Korea, already have successful, multi-sector industrial strategies. 2.3 Impact of macroeconomic policy measures in the UK and US The belief that economic growth requires sound macroeconomic policy is a central element of in relation to the development. Even those questioning about that it may be possible to believe that macroeconomic stability is a precondition for successful economic development. At the broadest level, the macroeconomic stability of East Asian countries between the early 1960s and the late 1990s could help to explain why East Asian countries have sustained high growth rates. In contrast, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America have endured a painful combination of macroeconomic disarray and slow growth. As most economists would expect, improper management of macro economy could explain not only slow growth, but also why some developing countries have become heavily in obligated. Even if slow growth is attributed to problems with external arrears, the origins of a debt crisis can typically be traced back to policy decisions. Easterly (2002) finds that the group of the HIPCs had worse macroeconomic policies over 1980-97 than other developing countries, even after controlling for income levels. At present, the global economy has deteriorated rapidly and faced with a synchronised recession in most of the worlds major economies. These developments will have a reflective impact on the UK economy and raise the prospects of an especially severe downturn. The source of the current recession can be traced to the unsustainable rises in lending, bond, equity and house prices and compression of risk that have been evident since the start of decade across many developed economies also common for both US and UK. As poor as economic prospects currently are the situation is being getting worse without the various policy initiatives that have been adopted. For example, the Bank recapitalization scheme has clearly helped to avoid a collapse of the UK financial sector. Therefore, those factors can be generating adverse effects on many industries especially in the hotel industry. Chapter 3 Behaviour of organisations and the market environment 3.1 Shortcomings of market models relevant to the hotel group Market model can be identified as a mathematical representation of the interactions among various participants in the market, variety of economic forces, and variety of choices made during the process of marketing. There are number of market models are used to explain or predict the behaviour of one or more aspects of a market. In the framework of the securities market, for example, one model may used to express the outcome on a particular portfolio and how it can be maximized. When considering the hotel industry, there are several types of market models can be identified such as future orientation model, results managing model , proactive approach and the on going process model. Referring to the future orientation model, strategic management implies a future-oriented decision-making process. The objective of this model is to act now in order to survive and improve performance in the future. This can be implemented as 5-10 years year plans. As a fundamental, this model can be identified as an attempt to set future-oriented objectives, to predict and assess future trends in the organisations environment and to devise means to ensure meeting the objectives. According to this model, it may be difficult to predict some market trends due to the unexpected situations. For an example natural disasters may create different market trends. This may be the major draw back of this model. Considering the on going process, the responsibility of the marketing process lies clearly with top management. Their support and commitment is a requirement for both the design and application of any strategic plan. Furthermore, managing strategically implies a distinct way of managing organisations, i.e. not sporadic efforts to solve problems, but rather a logical framework for perceiving and managing organisations and their environments. The major draw back of this method is it may be difficult to pre identify the failures of the marketing system and trends before it happens. 3.2 Impact by the different factors Supply and demand play an important role in the marketing process. There should be a balance between demand and supply in terms of achieving the goals of marketing. When considering those factors such as income, price, weather and substitutes can create both positive and negative impacts on the hotel industry. For an example, status of the personal income can be directly affected on the demand. Because, low income people may prefer to use facilities at low level hotel industry, while high income group prefer higher standards. Price of the good and services can be generated by the costs plus profit margin of an organization. Therefore, if the industry is not going to use proper cross cutting methods and value addition techniques, the prices may increase. It may affect on the accessibility of that goods or service. Especially in the hotel industry this can be a great issue. Weather also can be generated both positive and negative effects on the demand. If the customers are well interested in travelling and they are willing to enjoy the aesthetic beauty bad weather may lead to problems. This also can be affected on demand. Substitution may lead the customers away from the loyalty. If the service is available at higher quality at cheaper price they may tend to purchase that one instead of earlier service. Considering the above facts, it can be concluded that, managing those factors is critical for the hotel industry. 3.3 Competitive strategies in the UK Competitiveness is defined as the only complete indicator that defines the concept of competitiveness at a national level is national productivity (Porter, 1990). The current situation manifested by globalization and the increasing recognition of interrelations has imposed new rules of conduct: the prosperity of nations is based on competitiveness on international markets, and that of enterprises, on the integration in the worldwide value chains. Because of that, the competitiveness has become a major issue for all the actors in economy, from the regional level to the organizational level. Therefore, it is clear that importance of implementation of competitive strategies in relation to the marketing process. Considering the tourism as a business it is a sector in which the structure of supply is extremely volatile and the solid and reliable part is the demand. Tourism can be exists for various reasons such as pleasure, business etc. People may want to travel and are willing to spend money; consequently, they may generate demand for tourism products and services. Thus, the decision to travel precedes the acts of consumption (Keller, 2005). The key to attracting and making clients loyal is offering a remarkable experience and not just lodgings; hotel chains innovate to create a unique environment, from hotel rooms to lobbies and the restaurant. Thus, changes in the design of Marriott restaurants and in the menus so as to reflect the particularities of different regions have lead to up to 50% increases in sales recorded in rapport to the number of rooms occupied (Hotels, 2004). In company with innovation, technology also can be considered as an important strategic asset that allows hotel chains to improve their performance and competitiveness. On a global scale, the role of technology in strengthening the competitive advantage of a hotel is recognized, hence its contribution to the hotels success (Nyheim, 2004). Since the hospitality industry, as any other branch of services, is capital intensive, human resources may represent a source of competitive advantage for a company. Failite Ireland (2005) , in the research conducted among 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in Dublin to analyze successful practices in hotels underline the fact that the industry depends on the know-how of personnel, of the knowledge and understanding of the clients requirements that would make the client feel at home. By considering the above facts, it is clear that hotel industry should follow competitive strategies to survive in the market. Chapter 4 International trade and the European dimension 4.1 Pros and cons of trade between the UK and other countries Because of the rapid development of the international relationship between countries, Globalization process can be considered as critical in the marketing process. Therefore, globalization process may have the capabilities of generating both positive and negative effects on trade referring to the hotel industry. Considering the positive effects, the hotel groups can trade in the working force from the countries at a cheaper price where the working force is available at lower cost. This may lead to cutting their additional cost in relation to human resources and beneficial for the hospitality industry. Through the strong international relationship, the hotel groups reputation can be published and marketed. This may lead to bring in foreign investors to the country who may have the capabilities of investment for hotel industry as well as for the other industries. Referring to the negative points of international trade, increased job insecurity of workers may play a critical role. When the industry is demanding the working force at a lower price, the workers may not survive unless they provide their services at that lower price. Except that, the uniqueness of the culture of the country can be affected through the globalization referring to the international trade. Especially, through the development of the hospitality industry there may be a tendency to develop a globalized sub culture based on the tourism. This may lead to interfere with the uniqueness of the original culture in the country. 4.2 The impact of European Union policies on UK organisations and the hotel group The  EU can be identified as is  economic  and  political union  of 27  member states  which are located primarily in Europe. The EU was originated from the  European Coal and Steel Community  and the  European Economic formed by  six countries  in the 1950s. At present, the EU has grown in size by  the appointment of new member states, and in power by the addition of policy areas to its responsibilities. The Maastricht Treaty  established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The last modification to the constitution of the EU, the  Treaty of Lisbon, joined with the EU in 2009. EU member states keep all powers not openly handed to the Union. In some areas the EU enjoys exclusive competence. These are areas in which member states have renounced any capacity to endorse legislation. In other areas the EU and its member states share the competence to legislate. While both can legislate, member states can only legislate to the extent to which the EU has not. In other policy areas the EU can only co-ordinate, support and supplement member state action but cannot endorse legislation with the aim of incorporating national laws. Under the exclusive competence it states that The Union has exclusive competence to make directives and conclude international agreements when provided for in a Union legislative act. Accordingly the monetary policy for the member is established as Euro. Not only that, the establishment of the competition rules for the internal market has been adopted. Those things can generate both positive and negative impacts on the hotel groups. Considering the supporting competence it states that The Union can carry out actions to support, coordinate or supplement Member States actions in. Referring to that, industries, culture as well as the tourism are being regulated. This also can create positive and negative impacts on hotel group. 4.3 EMU and the economy of UK The  term Economic and Monetary Union  is used as a  collective term  for the group of policies aimed at meet the economies of members of the  European Union  in three stages so as to allow them to adopt a single currency, the  euro. All members of the  EU are expected to participate in the EMU. The implication of UK becoming a member of EMU can be explained as both positive and negative impacts. For an example it is clear that, Exchange rate on locking with the Euro regarding the members as well as for UK. It may improve the stability of the value of the money against the inflation. On the other way, it may negatively affect on foreign investors. Similarly, some policies implemented by the EMU may also affect both negatively and positively on the industries. Chapter 5 Conclusion Referring to the mission, core values and key objectives of the Hilton Hotels group as a worldwide business it is clear that the objectives are being achieved up to the satisfactory level. Though the impacts of the sudden changes in the business environment, still the Hilton Hotels group has been survived in their business of hospitality with the proven capabilities in successful marketing. But, when considering the market modelling marketing mix modelling is being a developing trend at innovative marketing strategies.MMM means the use of statistical analysis such as  multivariate  regressions  on sales and marketing  time series  data to estimate the impact of various marketing  tactics on sales and then predict the impact of future sets of strategies. It is often used to optimize advertising mix and promotional tactics with respect to sales revenue or profit. Therefore, implementation of MMM on Hilton Hotels group may improve the trustworthiness as a marketing tool among its major rival companies.