Operation Iraqi Freedom Essay -- International Politics

OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOMIntroductionOn March 20, 2003, the combined military forces of the United States and Britain pass the southern border of Iraq and Kuwait with the intent of capitulating the government of Saddam Hussein. Over the course of 21 days, the joint task force moved quickly and resolutely to seize major objective cities along the road to Baghdad using aviation, armor, artillery, and infantry. Following the overwhelming success of the primary combat operations of the invasion, stability and hold back systems proved insufficient as sectarian violence and other criminal activity among the local population of Iraq increased.HistoryIn ancient times, Iraq was known by the Greek term Mesopotamia, or the land between two rivers. These two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, formed what was known as the Fertile Crescent. The vast stretch of low aim land retained rain and flood water, making the soil exceptional for farming, thus it is said to be the cradle of civilization. It was home to the Sumerian Empire, beginning or so 4000BC, long before Egypt, Greece, or Rome were known to have sophisticated societies. Agriculture, mathematics, literature, and the earliest forms of government were all established in this region. (1) Conflict has also been a significant part of Iraqi history since the Akkadian wars of 2340 BC. The rise of the Babylonian dynasty in 1700 BC gave way to the Assyrian dynasty in 1340 BC. The Assyrians were eventually overthrown in the seventh century BC by the Persian Empire of Alexander the Great. (2) The Arabs conquered the region in the early expansion of Islam in the eighth century AD, followed by the Mongol invasion in 1258. The last of the great dynasties to rule th... ...raq.References1. Arabic-Media.com (Arabic Media) Site 1997-2011, http//arabic-media.com/iraq_history.htm 2. CRS Report for Congress, 17 February, 1998, http//www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/98-129.pdf3. UN Security Council response 687, 8 April 1991, http// www.casi.org.uk/info/undocs/gopher/s91/44. UN Security Council Resolution 1441, S/RES/1441, 8 November 2002, PP 3, http//www.un.org/Depts/unmovic/documents/1441.pdf 5. Gordon, Micheal, R., Cobra II The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, Pantheon Books, New York, 20066. Keegan, John, The Iraq War, Alfred A. Knopf, 20047. Purdum, Todd, S., and the staff of the New York Times, A Time of Our Choosing Americas War in Iraq, Times Books, 20038.Trainor, Bernard, E., Cobra II The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, Pantheon Books, New York, 2006

Staphylococcus aureus Essay -- Essays Papers

Staphylococcus aureusLife History and Characteristics Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacteria that is usually prime in the nasal passages and on the skin of 15 to 40% of healthy humans, but can also survive in a wide motley of locations in the body. This bacterium is spread from person to person or to fomite by direct contact. Colonies of S. aureus appear in pairs, chains, or clusters. S. aureus is not an organism that is contained to hotshot region of the world and is a universal health concern, specifically in the solid food handling industries.Diseases The most common health concern associated with S. aureus is food tipsiness caused by the release of enterotoxins, even in small doses, into food. Release of less than 1 microgram of toxin is sufficient to contaminate food enough to illicit symptoms of food poisoning. The infective dose of toxin is generally present when food is contaminated with an excess of 100,000 bacteria per gram of food. The intensity and variety of symptoms resulting from S. aureus food poisoning differ from man-to-man to individual, but some of the most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and prostration (complete physical or mental exhaustion). It usually takes 2 or 3 geezerhood to recover from S. aureus food poisoning, but in some instances individuals will require more time to fully recover.Even though S. aureus is mainly associated with food poisoning, the bacterium can penetrate the skin or other mucous membranes to invade a range of tissues which will cause a variety of transmittings. Superficial infection of the skin can cause boils, impetigo, styes (infection of the glands or hair follicles of the eyelids), folliculitis, and furnacles. All of these infections are charac... ...ood to above 60 degrees C and storing food below 7.2 degees C are dickens rough-and-ready ways of controling S. aureus growth in food. The most important recent epidemiological information concerning this organism i nvolves the increasing resistance to antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the most common of these antibiotic resistant organisms. The effects of MSRA are the same as any other S. aureus infection, however, MSRA infections are a difficult to treat because there are few effective antibiotics available. MSRA infections are generally not life threatening, however in some extreme cases death can occur.References http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Aresist/mrsa.htmhttp//www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/lecturestaphhttp//vm.cfsan.fda.gov/mow/chap3.htmlhttp//www.bacteriamuseum.org/species/staphaureus.shtmlhttp//www.dermnetnz.org/index.html

The Discovery of Amerigo Vespucci Essay -- American America History

The Discovery of Amerigo VespucciWho was Amerigo Vespucci? This is a question I asked myself as I was researching the man credited with the discovery of the new world. Much information has been written about Christopher capital of Ohio and very little about Amerigo Vespucci. To understand who Amerigo Vespucci was is to matter at his life and times in that time period. This paper is an attempt to look at his history and try to get a better understanding of his life in the Age of Discovery. To have an understanding of Vespucci is to remember that to the solar day of his death, Columbus persisted in claiming he was in parts of Asia. This is part of the old world manpowertality and shows that Columbus never fully comprehended the achievements of his voyages. Two continents atomic number 18 named after Amerigo Vespucci. A great achievement for a man who many feel is a charlatan of geography. Did he discover America or was this keep bestowed on the wrong man? In the middle ages, Euro pe knew less about the earth than did some of the ancients, for the commercial decline of Rome brought about the condensation of geographical knowledge. Pohl 6. During this time period, men began to disregard authority and learned to rely directly on their own investigations. This is the seed that brought about men like Columbus and Vespucci. The period of the Renaissance is the fertile ground that brought about changes in the world of inquiry and scientific achievement in Europe. This new spirit of inquiry current its chief impetus from the invention of the printing press whose importance outweighed even the greatest political event of the time.Pohl 9. Printing led to the overthrow of authority and allowed the men of the period to come into immediate contact with each ... ...e the intellect of the times to figure out how to navigate in the oceans is just as important if non more than his discovery of a new continent. Some would argue this point but from my research, Amerigo Ves pucci was truly the founder of modern navigation that brought civilization out of the spicy ages to the modern era. He was truly a man of his times. Works Cited Cohen, Jonathen. The Naming of America Vespuccis Good Name. Encounters 716-20 Pohl, Frederick, J. America Vespucci, Pilot Major. impudent York Octagon Books, INc., 1966 Arciniegas, German. Amerigo and the New World The life and Times Of Amerigo Vespucci. Knopf, NY, 1955 Lester, C. Edwards. The life and Voyages of Americus Vespucius, New York New Amsterdam Publoishing, 1903. Wills, Garry.Forward. Letters From A New World. Ed. Luciano Formisano, New York, Marsilo Publishers, 1992

car wash :: essays research papers

     I for one presuppose that driving a car is fun. I also think that during the hot spend, when you are out in the sun, it is nice to get a little damp and cool off. Driving convertibles is also good in the summer if you have the top down, so you get a chilled breeze through your hair. And since I like those things you would think that being a little damp would aid someone stay cool and having fun in the sun while driving your convertible. But I found out that people dont appreciate you helping them stay cool and moisturized while they are driving in the ferocious sun.     As it turns out, most people or a 25 year old male with dark hair, a dark complexion, and a red convertible, dont like you assisting them in the process of beating the heat. They dress it sooner rude actually, especially when they are driving in their nice new car. I for one, would especially appreciate some hooligan kids hitting me with a water balloon to cool me down . A splendid display of human kindness if I was driving in ninety degree weather. Not to detect the fact that there would be a blazing sun that would be beating down on my neck constantly. Also I would, and did find it quite funny.     It was the summer of my eighth grade year. Alex, Rudy and I were bored rigid. We could find nothing to do in my room or my house. We had already rode our bikes, played Nintendo, and trashed my room. Then we truism them. They came to us vivid and glowing. The answer to all of our problems. No longer would we be jaded, but we would rise up off the couch and enjoy ourselves. While at the same time doing our fellow humans that happened to drive by us a favor. We picked up the balloons and filled the tub, we were going ballooning.     All three of us grabbed a 20 gallon bucket from the garage, and loaded it up with thirteen or fourteen balloons. We drug them painfully, as we had filled them up with too much water, to our camping ground in the shade. After a couple of missed shots, our one chance for the ultimate "favor" came to us. Coming towards us at a whopping 25 miles per hour, the red convertible drove nearer towards us, and our desire to help a fellow human being got stronger.

Essay --

Literature ReviewCan comparative modelling techniques successfully model an entire genome?Introduction there is a need of detailed description and understanding the expression and function of many proteins. Although the structure and function of protein is best memorized experimentally but it washbowl be predicted by comparative modelling (Sanchez and Sali, 1998). Homology modelling or comparative modelling is used to constructs a three-dimensional model of a protein by comparing its sequence similarity to one or more known structures of protein (Jacobson and Sali, 2004). Comparative modelling of protein structure is relevant to functional annotation of proteins based on structure and consequently enhances the impact of genome sequencing, functional genomics and structural genomics on medicine and biology (John and Sali 2003).The complete genetic information about amino acid sequences of different proteins is however provided us by genome sequencing efforts. We be now challenge d with assigning, understanding, controlling, and modifying the functions of various proteins encoded by these genomes. This task is generally simplified by native protein three-dimensional structures. The experimental methods used to determine the three-dimensional structures are X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Jacobson and Sali, 2004).These techniques have significant advances but unfortunately many protein structures are not soft accessible by experiments. The computational methods resolved the huge gap between the number of available sequences of amino acid and experimentally solved protein structures (Xiang, 2006). Over the pull through two years, in the comprehensive public databases, such as SwissProt/TrEMBL and GenPept... ...e than a factor of two (Vitkup et al., 2001). Alignment errors due to both their impact and frequency are the some important single limitation on comparative modelling. Conclusively, from the genome projects, c omparative modelling proficiently increases the value of sequence information while it is not heretofore possible to accurately model all proteins. The main holdups are the difficulties in detection of weak similarities for sequence structure alignment and for fold recognition and absence seizure of structurally defined members in many families of protein. Although only 400 domain folds out of the total of a few thousand are known so in the next ten years, the structure of most globular folds likely is to be determined. Therefore, comparative modelling possibly will be applicable to most of the domains of globular protein close to the completion of the human genome project.

Essay --

Literature ReviewCan comparative forgeling techniques successfully model an entire genome?IntroductionThere is a need of luxuriant description and understanding the structure and function of many proteins. Although the structure and function of protein is best determined experimentally but it can be predicted by comparative modelling (Sanchez and Sali, 1998). Homology modelling or comparative modelling is used to constructs a three-dimensional model of a protein by comparing its sequence similarity to wholeness or more known structures of protein (Jacobson and Sali, 2004). Comparative modelling of protein structure is relevant to operable annotation of proteins based on structure and consequently enhances the impact of genome sequencing, functional genomics and structural genomics on medicine and biology (John and Sali 2003).The complete genetic information about amino acid sequences of different proteins is only provided us by genome sequencing efforts. We argon now challenged with assigning, understanding, controlling, and modifying the functions of various proteins encoded by these genomes. This task is generally simplified by native protein three-dimensional structures. The experimental methods used to determine the three-dimensional structures are roentgen ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Jacobson and Sali, 2004).These techniques have significant advances but unfortunately many protein structures are not easily accessible by experiments. The computational methods resolved the huge gap between the number of available sequences of amino acid and experimentally solved protein structures (Xiang, 2006). Over the last two years, in the cosmopolitan public databases, such as SwissProt/TrEMBL and GenPept... ...e than a factor of two (Vitkup et al., 2001). Alignment errors due to both their impact and frequency are the most important iodin limitation on comparative modelling. Conclusively, from the genome projects, com parative modelling proficiently increases the value of sequence information while it is not yet possible to accurately model all proteins. The main holdups are the difficulties in detection of weak similarities for sequence structure alignment and for fold recognition and absence of structurally defined members in many families of protein. Although only 400 domain folds out of the total of a few thousand are known so in the next decade years, the structure of most globular folds likely is to be determined. Therefore, comparative modelling possibly will be applicable to most of the domains of globular protein close to the purpose of the human genome project.